Today in 1419, in Upper Normandy, France

The city of Rouen surrendered to Henry V of England.

The capture of Rouen completed Henry V's conquest of Normandy.

Fought between 1337 and 1453, the Hundred Years' War saw England and France battle for the French throne.  Beginning as a dynastic war in which Edward III of England attempted to assert his claim to the French throne, the Hundred Years' War also saw English forces attempt to regain lost territories on the Continent.  Though initially successful, English victories and gains were slowly undone as French resolve stiffened. 

Henry V

During the Lancastrian phase of the War, Richard II was deposed by Henry IV in 1399 in England and Charles VI was plagued by mental illness in France.  While Henry desired to mount campaigns in France, issues with Scotland and Wales prevented him from moving forward.  The war was renewed by his son Henry V in 1415 when an English army landed and captured Harfleur. 

The Hundred Years' War saw the decline of the mounted knight.

As it was too late in the year to march on Paris, he moved towards Calais and won crushing victory at the Battle of Agincourt.  Over the next four years, he captured Normandy and much of northern France.  Meeting with Charles in 1420, Henry agreed to the Treaty of Troyes by which he agreed to marry the French king's daughter and have his heirs inherit the French throne. 

[January 19, 1419]